in oracle 12.1 there appeared a column in v$instance which is not documented: v$instance.family
another new column which appeared is: v$instance.edition (which is documented):
EDITION VARCHAR2(7) The edition of the database. Possible values include: CORE EE CORE SE EE PO SE XE
I never heard of oracle editions CORE EE, CORE SE and PO. A look at the source of gv$instance lists even more but others are missing:
decode(ksuxsedition, 2, 'PO', 4, 'SE', 8, 'EE', 16, 'XE', 32, 'CS', 40, 'CE', 'UNKNOWN')
Perhaps Oracle Support can put some light on this :) seems to be somehow related to cloud installations, but this is just a guess …